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Peter Sculthorpe
Peter Joshua Sculthorpe AO OBE (29 April 1929 – 8 August 2014) was an Australian composer. Much of his music resulted from an interest in the music of Australia's neighbours as well as from the impulse to bring together aspects of native Australian music with that of the heritage of the West. He was known primarily for his orchestral and chamber music, such as ''Kakadu'' (1988) and ''Earth Cry'' (1986), which evoke the sounds and feeling of the Australian bushland and outback. He also wrote 18 string quartets, using unusual timbral effects, works for piano, and two operas. He stated that he wanted his music to make people feel better and happier for having listened to it. He typically avoided the dense, atonal techniques of many of his contemporary composers. His work was often distinguished by its distinctive use of percussion.
==Early life==
Sculthorpe was born and raised in Launceston, Tasmania. His mother, Edna, was passionate about English literature and his father, Joshua, loved fishing and nature. He was educated at the Launceston Church Grammar School.〔Graeme Skinner, ''Peter Sculthorpe: the making of an Australian composer'', UNSW Press 2007, ISBN 9780868409412〕〔("A Great Australian Composer and National Treasure – Peter Sculthorpe 1929–2014" ), ''At the Con'', issue 8(8) – 17 August 2014, University of Sydney〕〔("Much-loved composer lifted the human spirit" ) by Philip Jones, ''The Australian'', 11 August 2014 〕
He began writing music at the age of seven or eight, after having his first piano lesson, continuing in secret when his piano teacher punished him for this activity. By the age of 14, he had decided to make a career of music, despite many (especially his father) encouraging him to enter different fields, because he felt the music he wrote was the only thing that was his own.〔Ford, p. 38〕 In his early teens he attempted to learn composition through studying Ernst Krenek's ''Studies in Counterpoint'' – "a pretty dreadful book" as he later described it.〔Ford, p. 39〕 He studied at the Melbourne Conservatorium of Music from 1946 to 1950, then returned to Tasmania. Unable to make any money as a composer, he went into business, running a hunting, shooting and fishing store in Launceston (''Sculthorpe's'') with his brother Roger. His ''Piano Sonatina'' was performed at the ISCM Festival in Baden-Baden in 1955〔Sculthorpe, Peter (2009) "Rites of Passage", ''Limelight'', May 2009〕 (the piece had been rejected for an ABC competition because it was "too modern"). He won a scholarship to study at Wadham College, Oxford, studying under Egon Wellesz, but left before completing his doctorate because his father was gravely ill. He wrote his first mature composition, ''Irkanda IV'',〔, includes recording〕 in his father's memory.〔
He was distantly related to Fanny Cochrane Smith, a Tasmanian Aboriginal whose wax cylinder recordings of songs are the only audio recordings of any of Tasmania's indigenous languages. Her daughter Gladys married Sculthorpe's great-grandfather's nephew.〔"From the Heart", Shirley Apthorp interview with Peter Sculthorpe, ''ABC Radio 24 Hours'', May 1999, p. 38〕
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